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SGP.22 is the GSMA specification governing consumer eSIM (RSP — Remote SIM Provisioning). It defines the technical standards for how carrier profiles are created, encrypted, transferred, and managed on consumer devices.
Carrier-locked devices have a software restriction preventing them from accepting profiles from other carriers. This restriction is enforced at the LPA level. Unlocking removes this restriction, allowing any GSMA-compliant carrier profile to be installed.
In several respects, yes. eSIM profiles cannot be physically stolen or cloned. Profile transfers require cryptographic authentication between the device eUICC and the carrier SM-DP+ server. SIM swapping attacks are significantly harder with eSIM.
Storage capacity depends on the eUICC chip. Most modern devices support 5–20 stored profiles, with 1–2 active simultaneously. iPhone 15 series supports up to 8 stored profiles. Stored profiles can be reactivated without re-downloading.
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